From tiny Merlins to enormous White-tailed Eagles, the UK’s birds of prey come in all shapes and sizes. These masterful predators are a real treat to see, but they’re often super-fast and many species look quite similar, which can make identifying them a challenge. In this guide, we share some simple ID tips to help you.
Hen Harrier
Circus cyaneusGroup: Kites, hawks and eaglesUK Conservation status:RedHow to identify
The Hen Harrier is the most intensely persecuted of all the UK's birds of prey. It once preyed on free-range fowl, which gave it its present name. But, in recent times, its effect on the number of grouse available to shoot has lead to conflict and a threat to its survival in some parts of the UK. It's most at risk on the driven grouse moors of England and Scotland. While males are a pale grey colour, females and young birds are brown with a white rump and a striped tail which give them the name 'ringtail'. They fly with wings held in a shallow 'V', gliding low in search of food, which mainly consists of Meadow Pipits and voles. The Orkney population is famous for being polygynous, with males sometimes mating with multiple females on the island. They are listed as a Schedule 1 species under The Wildlife and Countryside Act.Key features to look out for
- Slim, medium-sized bird of prey
- Males are blue-grey above, with a paler underside and black tips to their wings
- Females are mainly brown, with a streaked body and wings, and bars on their tail
- Both males and females have a noticeable white rump
- Rounded, owl-like face shape
- Yellow beak with a black tip
- Yellow legs and feet
Where to see them
Hen Harriers are at home in the uplands, but as a result of intense persecution they are now quite rare and only a handful of pairs still nest in England. They also breed in areas of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. In winter, Hen Harriers leave the uplands and you might see them in lowland and coastal habitats around the UK.
Key
- Resident
- Passage
- Summer
- Winter
- Jan
- Feb
- Mar
- Apr
- May
- Jun
- Jul
- Aug
- Sep
- Oct
- Nov
- Dec
Where best to see them
Hen Harriers often glide low to the ground, with their wings held in a shallow ‘V’, as they search for food, including small birds and rodents. If you’re really lucky, you might see a male perform his spectacular ‘sky dance’ in spring to impress a female. Males fly high into the air and then plummet downward, twisting and turning as they fall, before pulling up at the last minute and swooping into the air to perform the aerobatic rollercoaster all over again.